Leading companies in the world share a common feature – a recognizable logo. From Apple’s iconic fruit, Nike’s unmistakable swoop, to Pepsi bright and bold colors, logos are synonymous with the brand they represent. Overall, a strong logo is good for the company’s branding and conveys its vision.

Companies rebrand through new approaches to create memorable logos. Their objective is to grab the attention of the increasingly disloyal modern consumers.

Logos are a marketing model in which companies invest vast resources to craft the perfect image.

Most viewers spend three seconds at most to scan the web pages of companies. The next thing they look for is the company’s logo.

A logo design is vital to the company for a number of reasons:

• Creating the first impression through appeal to learn more about the company,
• It is iconic and memorable and poor designs can be associated with bad efforts that are difficult to shake off,
• Logo is a basis for strong branding,
• It communicates the company values, and
• It defines the brand image.

Pepsi lovers can testify that the company’s logo meets all of the criteria. However, most fizzy drinkers may not be familiar with the intricate meaning behind the bold, bright colors of the company’s logo as it is known today.

The search for the perfect meaning is evident in the evolution of the Pepsi logo over the years.

Understanding the meaning of Pepsi logo requires knowledge of its design features.

The shape of the Pepsi logo

Pepsi logo is three dimensional in shape. It comprises a globe painted with two completely different colors. A swirl at the center compliments and separates the two disks of the globe. The fonts appear along with the globe giving it an appealing look.

Colour of the Pepsi logo

The two distinct and contrasting colors give Pepsi logo its beauty – red for the top hemisphere of the globe and blue for the bottom hemisphere. The Pepsi font is inscribed in white. The combination of the colors creates a tantalizing effect, an invitation to consumers to taste and become part of the product.

The combination of colors symbolizes the company’s core emotional values. The dark royal blue featured in the original beverage conveys the idea of “cool.” The lighter shade of the Pepsi Max is linked to “fresh and cool.”The golden colors in the caffeine free variations symbolize balance and energy.

The Pepsi colors, red, white and blue, were introduced to represent the American flag. It was launched in the Second World War to support the American troops and the war effort.

Font of the Pepsi logo

The Pepsi logo has a simple yet elegant and prominent font that uses italicized roman typeface.

The current version of the company’s logo is nicknamed “Pepsi Globe.” The logo, redesigned in 2008 for 1 million dollars by The Arnell Group, closely resembles a smile.

The redesign tapped into several streams of inspiration from ancient wisdom including Feng Shui, the Parthenon, Pythagoras geo-dynamics and the Golden Ratio.

The overall design is a representation of the globe, but the logo also represents the ‘human body, Da Vinci’s Vitruvian principles, the Chinese art of placement and spatial’. “Breathtaking logo” was the phrased used by the designing company to describe the current Pepsi logo.

The swirling horizontal white stripe running through the centre of the globe is a visual representation of the earth’s movements of rotation and revolution. The swirl also represents a naturally occurring electric generator in a fluid motion that generates and sustains the magnetic field of the earth.

It also captures the use of symbols and wavy lines by Ancient Egyptians and other civilizations in describing the swirling movement of water.

The current Pepsi logo is seen by the general public as a smiling globe.

The logo captures different aspects of the company including its global brand status. It remains simple and appealing to the eye and invokes intended emotions.

It is interesting to find an individual researching on such diverse field of decision making in an organization. Decision making is the key factor to the success of an organization. One point that I conquer with my fellow classmate’s post is that the people in your organization should not solemnly depend on one individual to make all decisions but rather be involved. The individual might not be having a vast experience in a certain field. When involved in making decisions for that department, things might end up not working which means failure of the organization in general. In essence, all the departments in your organization should work to make their decisions without depending on a given person. By doing this, it would help to mentor other junior employees in the department hence attainment of experience in making firm decisions. When the whole staff makes decisions, it is also confident that they will be right and efficient.

Despite your good notices in your organization, at times, there exist that one individual in the organization who is well experienced in almost all departments of the company. It is wise to consult such people when it comes to making controversial decisions that affect the organization. The main reason for consultation is to ensure accountability and correctness. The other point that surprises me in your post is the connection between grief and fear and decision making in your organization. The main aim of making decisions is for prosperity. No one in the world would want to make a mistake so that he/she learns from the errors. Decisions made should work for the benefit of making the organization better that it was before. It is, therefore, important for your organization to keenly monitor the process of decision making to ensure success in all departments.

 

The topic of the journal is straightforward and easy to understand. It almost gives you an idea if what to expect as you read through the journal. The author brings an interesting side of companies that is yet known by the public. As he states majority of the big companies are shying away from IPOs and instead are looking into other options such as being acquired by other equity suitors either private or public. He has given an example of Ballast Point Brewing & Spirits Inc. that didn’t hold an IPO but instead sold itself to Constellation Brands Inc. To validate his point, Murphy (2016) compares the number of IPOs completed so far this year against the same period last. The number has dropped to 96 from 170 last year, a decline by 44%. The amount raised has also dropped by 43.2% from $ 30.3 billion last year to $ 17.2 billion this year.

Some companies would also want to capitalize on the availability of private capita, which according to the author, has increased from $ 1.39 trillion in 2015 to $ 1.46 trillion this year.

Those opting out of IPOs give reasons such as expenses involved with IPOs as well as the thought of having to give quarterly records to the public as is expected by public companies. They prefer to give these reports to a small group of investors. Market volatility has also kept some firms off IPOs.

There are numerous examples of the companies as well as their data. The article can be easily understood even by one who has no prior experience in business. The author would have improved this piece even by providing more analysis of the topic. There are too many examples provided and less analysis. As you read through every sentence, you find numbers and more companies but you rarely find explanations on what the numbers really tell.

This article brings to light the other alternatives to IPOs. Here we see that more and more companies are opting for selling out as opposed to going public which has been the norm for a while. A company should determine what it is that they want and how they want it. If going public works for them, then they should and if not they should look for other ways of raising capital.

The article “How to Invest in a Closed-End Fund” published by Fox business seeks to address the some of the factors that can lead to a successful closed-end funds investment. The research problem being addressed is based on the assumptions that an investor decides to go with closed-end funds. Pointed out are some of the things to review (“How to Invest in a Closed-End Fund”, 2016).

It is clear from the article that it is not a simple issue to trade with the closed-end fund and that is why the author advises that an investor runs a thorough background check on other options that have similar investment goals before diving into closed-end funds. The author states that one of the reviews that need to be considered is the expenses.  A conflict emerges when he concentrates much on the manager side rather than on the actual matter at hand; the shares.  The manager being a skilled person in this field should know better considering his duration in the fund management. The crucial thing to do should be to consider trading the shares through a discount brokerage in order to hold the costs down.

There is one very logical reason why closed-end funds trade at a discount to their Net asset Value. This is because there is no structural feature that is similar to an ETF where you can arbitrage if it does trade at a discount or redeems and get the underlying assets. That does not exist in closed-end funds and because of that, there is a risk that can occur when it trades at a discount which means that an investor should be compensated for that risk and they should be the one willing to pay a discount for that security. This is another influence that the author doesn’t mention when he talks about the discount.

Overall, this is a good concept on how to invest in closed-end funds, however, the author fails to go into details about the kind of investor suitable for this kind of investment, there doesn’t appear to be any kind of concrete guideline on how to carry out this. In other words, this sounds great for a paper but does not translate in everyday life.

From my point of view, I think closed-end funds are more suitable for the investors who are relatively astute to the financial market because there are certain risks. An investor who is probably not best suited is the one who is not going to look under the hood and see actually what is under the closed closed-end funds, is there leverage involved, where is the historical discount etc. So it really needs someone who is going to scrub the web and see if they are going to get more detailed information.